In the last half of the 13th century, the Puebloan people living in and around Mesa Verde in southern Colorado left, never to return. This was no inconsequential population. An estimated 20,000 people lived in large villages and small hamlets around Mesa Verde in 1250. By 1300, there were none. Why they left and where they went is one of the most enduring and complex problems in America archaeology. It has been studied from every possible angle for 100 years, yet a definitive answer continues to elude the best scientists.
In Leaving Mesa Verde, 15 archaeologists and one geologist present the latest data and insights on this question. If there is consensus on one issue, it is that the causes of the depopulation were multiple. New climate studies indicate that growing conditions for corn were variable and difficult during this period, but not impossible. Evidence of widespread violence continues to grow with each new research project. As these and other causes are considered, scholars seem to be moving toward a viable theory for the reasons of the migration.
As to the destination, archaeologists seem to be more divided than ever. One school finds evidence to support movement to the upper Rio Grande valley. Another sees no evidence for migration into the region. This is a lively debate that seems destined to continue for years to come.
